On August 31, 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Xenpozyme™ (olipudase alfa) for the treatment of Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency (ASMD) in pediatric and adult patients. ASMD is a rare genetic disorder that results in an accumulation of sphingomyelin, a fatty substance, in a variety of tissues including the spleen, lungs, liver and brain. The disease can present in varying levels of severity and age of onset. In mild cases, a patient may only have minimal neurological symptoms and survive into adulthood. In contrast, severe cases can present in infancy and are often fatal at a young age. Xenpozyme™ is an enzyme replacement therapy that reduces the accumulation of sphingomyelin in the body tissues of patients. Xenpozyme™ was studied in 31 patients, and it was effective in reducing liver and spleen size and improving lung function compared to placebo. The medication was granted orphan drug designation by the FDA, a status that encourages development of medications for serious rare diseases.